Challenges in Protecting Manitoba Wildfire Crews from Smoke Exposure

Manitoba's government supplies disposable N95 masks and training to wildland firefighters to address smoke exposure during wildfire suppression. Smoke from smoldering hotspots contains toxic chemicals and particulate matter that crews may inhale for hours. A former Manitoba wildland firefighter described the air quality as poorest at this stage, with nasal discharge appearing black after shifts.

The firefighter, whom CBC agreed not to name due to fears of retribution, stated that such exposure is inherent to the job. Christopher Pascoe, an associate professor at the University of Manitoba specializing in chronic respiratory diseases, indicated that prolonged contact with these substances can cause harm.

As Canada's wildfire seasons lengthen and intensify, crews may encounter more frequent smoke exposure.

" — Christopher Pascoe (CBC) During 15-hour shifts involving heavy loads, uneven terrain, equipment setup, and heat, firefighters prioritize tasks over air quality concerns. The former firefighter mentioned using a bandana for coverage while continuing work.

Pascoe explained that wildfire smoke gases can lead to short-term effects such as difficulty breathing, coughing, or sore throat, and long-term risks including heart and lung diseases and cancer with repeated exposure.

The Manitoba Government and General Employees' Union, which represents wildland firefighters, highlighted concerns about lingering health issues from smoke.

Union president Kyle Ross noted that bulky respirators, which filter dangerous particles, can hinder performance in strenuous conditions. "It builds up and it wears them down ... because there's something that's slowing them down," Ross said.

A provincial spokesperson confirmed that disposable N95 masks are available to firefighters upon request. Pascoe stated that N95 masks capture 95 percent of airborne particles when fitted properly, but they permit hazardous gases to pass and may cause breathlessness during exertion. Improper fit reduces their effectiveness.

Oxygen tanks, used by urban firefighters, are not feasible for wildland operations due to their weight, bulk, and limited supply. Respirators with cartridges offer a better option by collecting wildfire gases, according to Pascoe. However, these devices can impair communication, cause fogging with eye coverings, and require frequent cartridge replacement based on smoke levels.

Natural Resources Minister Ian Bushie stated that the province aims to protect staff from wildfire smoke dangers while accounting for mask-related physical effects.

Firefighters have reported issues like heat exhaustion and breathing difficulties. Pascoe emphasized the need for innovations to improve respirator designs amid ongoing challenges.