Defense News Marks 40 Years of Defense Coverage Since 1986

Defense News began publication in 1986, the same year Congress passed the Goldwater-Nichols Act that elevated the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs as principal military adviser and restructured command relationships. The legislation followed operational shortfalls during the 1980 Iran hostage rescue attempt and the 1983 Grenada operation.

Every subsequent joint U.S. military campaign has operated under the framework the act established.

The Berlin Wall fell in November 1989 and the Soviet Union dissolved two years later, removing the adversary around which four decades of force structure and budgets had been organized. Defense spending declined and service sizes were reduced while new regional instabilities emerged.

Iraq's August 1990 invasion of Kuwait led to a U.S.-led air campaign beginning January 16, 1991, and the liberation of Kuwait by February 28. GPS-guided munitions, stealth aircraft, and satellite intelligence performed at levels previously considered theoretical.

A 15-hour battle in Mogadishu on October 3-4, 1993, resulted in 18 American deaths and prompted later changes in force-protection requirements and rules of engagement. The episode also influenced later debates over expeditionary commitments. Deputy Defense Secretary Bill Perry's 1993 meeting initiated a consolidation period that reduced the number of major prime contractors from roughly 50 to fewer than five by 2000.

Lockheed merged with Martin Marietta, Boeing acquired McDonnell Douglas, and Northrop merged with Grumman.

Operation Enduring Freedom began in Afghanistan on October 7, 2001. The Army rewrote its capstone doctrine and MRAP vehicles entered service outside normal acquisition channels.

The Stuxnet worm, discovered in 2010, demonstrated that software could physically destroy industrial equipment when it damaged Iranian uranium-enrichment centrifuges. U.S. Cyber Command was established the same year. Russia's annexation of Crimea in February-March 2014 ended assumptions that Europe had moved beyond territorial conflict between major powers.

NATO's eastern flank received renewed attention and conventional-readiness programs were accelerated.