Dentists Advise Including Tongue Cleaning in Daily Oral Hygiene Routines

Dentists from NYC Health + Hospitals, the Mayo Clinic, and the University of Florida College of Dentistry recommend incorporating tongue cleaning into daily oral hygiene routines. The practice involves using tools to remove biofilm that accumulates on the tongue, performed twice a day, in the morning and before bed.

Biofilm on the tongue consists of bacteria, viruses, and debris such as food particles, forming between the papillae, which are small bumps that aid in speaking, chewing, and taste perception.

Tongue biofilm differs from dental biofilm due to the tongue's warm, moist environment compared to the hard enamel of teeth. Different bacterial species adapt to these conditions. Cleaning the tongue reduces the reservoir of bacteria that can spread to other parts of the mouth.

cleaning may help prevent gum disease by lowering bacterial spread within the mouth.

Some studies link oral bacteria to systemic conditions, including diabetes and cardiovascular disease, though additional research is required to confirm these connections. Overgrowth of sulfur-producing bacteria on the tongue can lead to bad breath through the release of odorous compounds, with signs such as a white coating or metallic taste.

The practice complements brushing, which targets tooth surfaces, and flossing, which addresses interdental areas, to reduce overall risks of tooth decay and gum disease.

Experts state that gentle cleaning helps mitigate these issues.

recommend tongue scrapers over toothbrushes to avoid cross-contamination and excessive abrasiveness.

Experts state that a dedicated scraper is preferable, though a toothbrush can be used if a scraper is unavailable. Metal scrapers, such as those made of stainless steel or copper, are preferred over plastic ones, which may degrade and cause micro-scratches; rubber scrapers on the back of some toothbrushes provide an alternative.

Tools should be replaced regularly, with metal ones sanitized regularly. Consultation with a dental hygienist is advised for personalized routines.

Overcleaning should be avoided to prevent irritation or scar tissue, and the tongue's papillae require gentle handling to maintain their function.