Ebola Outbreak in DRC Linked to Wildlife Contact in Border Region

The Democratic Republic of the Congo is experiencing its 17th Ebola outbreak since 1976. The current outbreak is occurring in Ituri province and involves the Bundibugyo species of the virus. Fifty-one people have tested positive, 600 have suspected infections, and 139 are thought to have died, according to the World Health Organization. Infections are expected to rise further.

Baguma, a researcher at Makerere University in Kampala, Uganda, has studied wildlife-human interactions in Uganda's Bundibugyo district. The Bundibugyo species was first identified there about two decades ago. People in the region live near national parks that contain high numbers of fruit bats, monkeys, and baboons.

Residents hunt in the parks and animals enter gardens for food, creating frequent physical contact. The border between Uganda and the DRC is porous, allowing free movement of people and goods. Bushmeat markets operate across the border, where meat from monkeys, baboons, and bats is sold.

Bats living in homes can contaminate food and water through droppings and urine. Children sometimes pick up fruit partially eaten by bats, increasing exposure risk. Baguma said awareness of disease risks has increased, but residents prioritize immediate needs such as food and income when no active outbreak is occurring.

Engaging local leaders, health authorities, and religious figures helps deliver health messages in local languages. Special focus is placed on women's groups because women manage household food preparation and child care. Messages about safer practices around bats are translated and framed to relate to daily life.

Sustained behavior change remains difficult because many residents report eating bushmeat without illness.