European Governments Tighten Sick Leave Rules as Absences Rise

Governments in multiple European countries are tightening rules on paid sick leave after data showed workers taking several weeks off each year. The changes include requiring medical certificates on the first day of absence and limiting how long initial notes can last.

Germany announced a package of 34 economic measures that includes a requirement for workers to obtain a doctor’s note in person on the first day of illness. Officials said the step is intended to reduce the competitive disadvantage caused by prolonged absences.

Norway introduced a system of graded sick leave in April. Under the new rules, doctors must specify how much work an employee can still perform rather than automatically approving full absence, and they receive lower fees when they prescribe more time off.

Trade unions in Norway objected to the changes, arguing that the measures place blame on workers instead of addressing service and workplace issues.

Belgium already requires first-day certificates and recently reduced exemptions to that rule. Officials there can now initiate termination proceedings after six months of absence instead of nine. France will cap initial sick notes at 31 days and extensions at 62 days starting in September.

Doctors must provide more detailed justifications for any leave granted. Finland recorded a drop in average sick leave from 5.2 weeks to 4.8 weeks after making the first day unpaid in 2024. Other governments are reviewing similar steps as part of broader welfare policy changes.