Five steps to protect pets from heatwave risks

Extreme temperatures pose health risks to pets as well as people. Weather agencies issue advance alerts for high temperatures to allow preparation time. Because of global climate change, heatwaves are expected to increase in frequency, length and severity.

Cars can heat up rapidly even with open windows. Owners should avoid leaving pets unattended in closed vehicles without suitable ventilation. Air conditioning can fail, so pets should not be left alone in vehicles. Opening windows or using air conditioning while travelling is important, and cool air should reach pets in the rear of the vehicle.

The air recirculation option can help maintain temperature in traffic while limiting fumes. If in doubt, owners should not travel with pets.

Dogs cool themselves mainly by panting and can struggle in hot, humid conditions. Flat-faced breeds such as pugs and bulldogs, along with unfit, overweight, very young or very old pets, face higher risks. Walks should occur at cooler times on shaded routes with access to water.

Ground surfaces can become hot enough to burn paws. In extreme heat, owners can exercise pets indoors instead of walking them outside. No dog has died from missing a walk, but many have died from exercise in heat.

Pets need fresh drinking water and shaded areas at all times. Adding extra water to meals and ice cubes to drinking water can help maintain hydration. Working dogs may benefit from electrolyte solutions. Small pets in hutches or cages that heat quickly are especially vulnerable.

Cages should be moved to shaded areas with ventilation. Owners can provide access to different shaded and ventilated spaces, cooling mats and fans.

Early signs of heat exposure include restlessness, slowed movement and unwillingness to continue exercising. Dogs may pant with an expanded tongue, while pets can show lethargy, glassy eyes, laboured breathing and unsteady gait. Affected pets may drool, vomit or have diarrhoea. Severe cases can involve seizures or collapse. Early recognition allows immediate intervention.