Iran's Economy Faces Strain from Ongoing War and Sanctions

U.S. and Israel against the Islamic Republic. High inflation and a currency collapse led to mass protests, which authorities addressed through a crackdown. The war, now six weeks old as of April 12, 2026, has exacerbated these issues.

Reports indicate that factories, energy facilities, bridges, and railways have been destroyed, resulting in unemployment for many Iranians. The rial fell 8% against the dollar on the black market since the war began, according to the Economist. This follows a 60% loss in value after a 12-day war against Israel in June of the previous year.

Prices have risen by 6% during the current war, based on central bank data cited by the Economist. 5% before the war started. The central bank issued a 10 million rial note last month, following the introduction of a 5 million rial note a month earlier.

data may understate inflation levels.

Residents in Tehran and other cities reported to Reuters that some prices have increased by around 40% since the war began six weeks ago. An insider close to the Iranian establishment stated that officials consider the economy the country's main vulnerability, with concerns about potential unrest. U.S.

over the weekend prevented any relief from sanctions or access to frozen Iranian assets overseas. Without additional funds, authorities anticipate difficulties in making payroll, which could affect governance. The war has required subsidies for displaced people and funding for infrastructure repairs.

An Iranian official told Reuters that the country will face a disaster if sanctions are not lifted, as major industrial plants will require months or years to repair.

A proposed U.S. naval blockade on the Strait of Hormuz could limit Iran's oil exports, estimated at $30 billion last year. Energy products made up about one-quarter of government revenue in 2023, according to the Washington Institute.

The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps handles roughly half of Iran's oil exports and collects fees from ships crossing the strait. Such a blockade would reduce the IRGC's financial resources and impact the broader economy.