Review Finds Calcium and Vitamin D Supplements Do Not Reduce Fracture Risk in Older Adults

A review published in the British Medical Journal found that calcium and vitamin D supplements have little to no effect on preventing fractures or falls in older adults. The study, led by researchers in Quebec, Canada, examined 69 clinical trials involving 153,902 participants.

It assessed risks for any fracture, hip fractures, non-spinal fractures, spinal fractures, and overall fall frequency. Results showed no meaningful reduction in fracture risk from calcium supplements, vitamin D supplements, or the two combined. The supplements also showed no significant effect on specific fracture types or fall rates.

The researchers noted that some trials were small and may not apply to people with specific bone disorders or those receiving osteoporosis drug treatment. They concluded that current evidence does not support routine supplementation with calcium or vitamin D to prevent fractures and falls.

The team recommended weight-bearing exercise and tailored advice on preventing falls for each individual. They suggested doctors, guideline panels, and regulatory agencies should re-evaluate general recommendations for these supplements.

D helps regulate calcium and phosphate levels that keep bones, teeth, and muscles healthy. Current NHS advice recommends daily vitamin D supplements during autumn and winter months due to limited sunlight in Britain. Adults aged 19 to 64 and over are advised to obtain 700mg of calcium daily, preferably from dietary sources.