Scientists Report Ticks Carrying Pathogens Moving Into Canada From U.S.

Scientists report that multiple tick species carrying pathogens are moving northward from the northern United States into Canada at a rate of about 50 kilometres per year. Some of these ticks have already been spotted in Nova Scotia but have not yet established reproducing populations there. Government of Canada records show more than 40 tick species already present in the country.

The blacklegged tick, also known as the deer tick, is the best-known species already in Canada. It carries the bacteria responsible for Lyme disease, which can produce fever, fatigue and a bull's-eye rash. Untreated infections may lead to joint, heart and nervous system complications.

Of particular concern is the lone star tick, which is established in Maine. The species can transmit a pathogen that causes alpha-gal syndrome, a severe allergy to red meat. One gardener in Harpswell, Maine, described experiencing anaphylactic shock after eating beef, with symptoms including widespread hives, itching and progressive shortness of breath.

The Asian long-horned tick has also drawn attention in Nova Scotia. It has not established itself in the province, but some livestock producers are monitoring herds closely. The tick can cause anemia in cattle; if severe and untreated, it can result in death and financial losses for farmers.

A new tick research facility opened at Acadia University in Wolfville, Nova Scotia. The laboratory is currently raising American dog ticks using a machine that feeds them blood through synthetic skin designed to mimic human tissue. Last month researchers at the facility successfully reared one tick to maturity and observed it reproduce, marking a first for the laboratory.

The facility plans to import lone star ticks and other species under secure conditions for study. Officials at the laboratory said the work is intended to improve understanding of tick biology and support development of new repellent products and treatments.

They noted that no vaccine for Lyme disease is yet available and that some tick-borne illnesses, such as Powassan virus, lack specific treatments and can be fatal.

Public health guidance emphasizes basic precautions. These include tucking pant legs into socks when in wooded or grassy areas, performing regular tick checks after outdoor activity, and removing tall grass and vegetation along fence lines where ticks may quest for hosts.