Sudanese Refugees in Cairo Report Hardships and Plan Mediterranean Crossings

An estimated 1.3 million Sudanese refugees live in Cairo after fleeing civil war that began in April 2023. The conflict has killed at least 150,000 people and displaced about 4.5 million others to Chad, South Sudan, Libya, and Egypt. The World Health Organization has called the situation the world's worst humanitarian disaster.

Refugees interviewed in Cairo's Faisal district said they encountered arrests, limited housing options, and informal employment. They stated that residence permits are required during police checks and that missing documents can lead to detention. Several described paying most of their support funds toward rent and working jobs such as dishwashing or carpet cleaning.

The UN has reported an increase in deportations of Sudanese nationals since late 2025 and described an intensifying campaign of arbitrary arrests. Refugees said deportations occurred without prior risk assessments for torture or harm. They also said some landlords treat Sudanese arrivals as having access to foreign funds despite widespread loss of assets.

One refugee said he attempted a boat crossing to Italy via Libya, was held by smugglers for seven months, and lost a companion during the journey. Others said they are preparing additional attempts because they see few prospects for legal work or stable housing in Egypt.

Some stated they would prefer to contribute to the Egyptian economy if permitted to obtain formal employment. The same individuals said staying indoors currently appears to be the safest immediate option.