UV Radiation Levels Vary Daily and Require Protection Measures

UV radiation emitted by the Sun penetrates the Earth's atmosphere and reaches the surface. Some exposure supports vitamin D production for bones, blood cells, and the immune system. Excessive exposure increases skin cancer risk and contributes to skin ageing.

The UV Index measures ultraviolet radiation levels. Readings peak in the four-hour period around solar noon, typically from late morning to early afternoon. Values range from zero to above 10, with higher numbers indicating greater potential for skin and eye damage.

The World Health Organization states no sun protection is required at levels 1-2. Some protection is needed at levels 3-5 and 6-7. Extra protection is required at levels 8-10 and 11 or higher. Countries near the equator experience higher readings. Nairobi in Kenya can record levels above 10 throughout the year.

Majorca in Spain typically reaches nine in June and July. The Falkland Islands usually stay below five even in summer.

Protection measures include staying in shade between 11:00 and 15:00 from March to October in the UK. Suitable clothing and sunglasses should cover exposed skin. Sunscreen of factor 30 or higher with at least 4-star UVA protection should be applied to the face, neck, and other exposed areas.

Sunscreen must be reapplied regularly according to bottle instructions. Adults should use about six to eight teaspoons for full body coverage. Babies and children require additional protection at lower UV levels. People often miss areas such as the side of the nose, temples, and upper chest when applying sunscreen.

Self-tan products are recommended instead of sun tanning. UV levels remain similar on bright breezy days and warm sunny days, and thin clouds do not block all radiation. Skin cancer risk applies across skin tones. Individuals with darker skin can still develop skin cancer, and eye damage plus immune system effects occur regardless of skin colour.