FDA Approves Oral GLP-1 Weight-Loss Drugs Foundayo and Wegovy as Alternatives to Injections

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved injectable GLP-1 weight-loss drugs from Eli Lilly and Novo Nordisk. Ongoing research is exploring oral versions of these drugs, such as orforglipron from Eli Lilly and oral semaglutide from Novo Nordisk, which may offer alternatives to injections in the future.

Both are glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists, previously available only as weekly injections. Oral forms, if developed, might require daily dosing and not need refrigeration. They could potentially cost less than injectable counterparts, though this is speculative.

GLP-1 drugs are approved for lowering blood sugar in type 2 diabetes and for weight management. The market for these drugs has expanded, with manufacturers addressing access issues including insurance coverage denials.

is a hormone that regulates metabolism by increasing insulin after meals, preventing blood sugar entry into the bloodstream, slowing stomach emptying, and promoting fullness.

This leads to fewer blood sugar spikes, reduced hunger, and sustained satiety. Common GLP-1 agonists include semaglutide (Ozempic for diabetes, Wegovy for weight loss) and tirzepatide (Mounjaro for diabetes, Zepbound for weight loss). Tirzepatide acts on both GLP-1 and GIP receptors, affecting hunger signals, glucose, and insulin handling.

Injectable versions typically result in 15-20% body weight loss at high doses and 5-10% at lower doses, based on clinical data. Tirzepatide has shown higher weight loss in multiple trials compared to semaglutide.

on oral GLP-1 drugs, such as orforglipron, has shown promising results in clinical trials. Early data suggest potential weight loss comparable to injections, but full phase 3 results and approvals are pending. Trials often involve obese participants following a reduced-calorie diet and increased physical activity.