Jamaican Groups File Court Cases Over Beach Access Restrictions

Campaigners in Jamaica will begin five court cases later this month to challenge the closure of beaches at Mammee Bay, Little Dunn's River, the Blue Lagoon, Bob Marley beach, and Flankers/Providence beach. The cases seek to prevent further transfers of shoreline access to private hotel developments. Groups argue that the transfers limit local fishing, vending, and recreation.

The Jamaica Beach Birthright Environmental Movement, formed in 2020, is leading the litigation. The group was created after clashes between residents and police at Mammee Bay in St Ann parish. The cases also ask the court to review the 1956 Beach Control Act, which placed foreshore and seabed ownership with the state.

Campaigners say the law requires government approval for any beach use or development.

The environment minister stated that recent development approvals have required public corridors to the sea. The minister added that tourism employs between 112,000 and 116,000 people directly and supports another 300,000 to 350,000 jobs in related sectors.

In March the prime minister proposed a beach access and management policy intended to update the 1956 law. Campaigners say the draft policy still permits fees and entry limits.

A reconstruction law passed in March allows faster procurement for storm recovery projects. Campaigners argue the law reduces the effect of the 1882 Prescription Act, which recognizes public access rights after 20 years of continuous use. The environment minister said the reconstruction law maintains parliamentary oversight and permit requirements.

The shadow environment minister said the law concentrates authority with one minister.